Table 1. Participant Demographics (N = 350)
Variable n (%)
Current Role
Practicing Physician236 (67.5)
Academic Faculty41 (11.7)
Physician Leader/Administrator32 (9.2)
Non-physician Respondents20 (5.8)
Resident/Fellow3 (0.8)
Years in Practice
11–20 years166 (47.5)
>20 years85 (24.2)
5–10 years70 (20.0)
<5 years9 (2.5)
Not applicable20 (5.8)
Practice Environment
Private123 (35.0)
Hospital-employed111 (31.7)
Academic58 (16.7)
Hybrid18 (5.0)
Non-clinical/Other15 (4.2)
Clinical Full-Time Equivalent (FTE)
76–100%233 (66.7)
51–75%32 (9.2)
26–50%38 (10.8)
0–25%15 (4.2)
Not applicable32 (9.2)

Percentages may not total 100 due to rounding. Abbreviation: FTE = Full-Time Equivalent.

Table 2. Psychometric Properties of the DistressRx™ Subscales (N = 350)
Subscale No. of Items Cronbach α Factor Loading Range Inter-Subscale r Description
Isolation Distress 3 0.77 .62–.80 .12–.28 Emotional withdrawal and self-protection through detachment.
Assertive Distress 3 0.75 .60–.78 .10–.25 Effort to regain control or authority when stability feels threatened.
Validation Distress 3 0.80 .65–.84 .18–.33 Reliance on external reassurance to affirm self-worth.
Control Distress 3 0.73 .58–.77 .09–.27 Overplanning or perfectionism to mitigate uncertainty.
Impulsivity Distress 3 0.73 .59–.76 .08–.21 Rapid action to discharge tension or avoid vulnerability.
Catastrophizing Distress 3 0.86 .70–.89 .22–.39 Anticipation of worst-case outcomes to regain a sense of predictability.

Model fit indices (Confirmatory Factor Analysis, N = 350): χ²(120) = 120.84, p = .46; CFI = 1.00; TLI = 1.00; RMSEA = 0.004; SRMR = 0.033.
Abbreviation: α = Cronbach alpha.

Table 3. Results Summary
Criterion Benchmark Result Outcome
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) Index ≥ .70 .75 Acceptable
Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity p < .001 < .001 Pass
Variance Explained (EFA) ≥ 55% 57% Strong
Subscale Reliability (Cronbach α) .65 – .85 .73 – .86 Excellent
Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFI / RMSEA) ≥ .94 / ≤ .06 1.00 / .004 Excellent

Fit indices indicate outstanding factorial validity and reliability for the six-factor DistressRx™ model (N = 350). Abbreviations: KMO = Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin; EFA = Exploratory Factor Analysis; CFA = Confirmatory Factor Analysis; α = Cronbach alpha.